Cleveland signed the disastrous Dawes Act of , which empowered the president to allot land within the reservations to individual Native Americans, with all surplus land reverting to the public domain. The policy essentially legalized the stealing of land from Native Americans. During the administrations of Grover Cleveland, the municipal, state, and federal governments adopted numerous new laws, anticipating the reforms of the Progressive Era.
Cleveland asserted his independence from Congress with an unprecedented number of vetoes and forceful use of presidential authority in his second term. These actions prepared the way for the rise of autonomous presidential leadership, laying the foundation for the modern presidency fully realized by Theodore Roosevelt.
It was a win by just 1, votes in his adopted home state of New York that swung the election. Cleveland actually won his second election in the popular vote. Big spending by the Republicans swing the electoral vote in New York state away from Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison took the Electoral College vote, and the presidency.
A third party helped Cleveland get his second term. The Populist Party took 8 percent of the popular vote, and Cleveland easily defeated Harrison in the rematch, by a margin in the Electoral College. Cleveland gets mixed grades as a President. Toggle navigation. Here is a look at the very interesting and unique political career of the only double President. Sign up for our email newsletter. He became a prominent lawyer and Democratic politician. Elected mayor of Buffalo in , he soon developed a reputation as a reformer because of his opposition to corruption and patronage.
As governor of New York from to , he exhibited bipartisan independence. He worked closely with Republican Assembly member Theodore Roosevelt to pass municipal reform legislation that gained him national recognition, but angered New York City's powerful Tammany Hall Democratic organization. Cleveland managed to become the Democratic presidential nominee in without Tammany support.
The campaign was contentious and close. Cleveland won the popular vote by just one-quarter of one percent, but the electoral votes gave him a majority of — A popular chief executive, President Cleveland failed at his first attempt at reelection in , but succeeded four years later. The church enlarged the house several times between and
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